Alternative names
TFMPP
IUPAC Name
1-(3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine
Current Scheduling Status
None
Year(s) and type of review / ECDD meetings
Drug Class
Recommendation (from TRS)
Discussion
1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is a piperazine derivative with mild stimulant effects and hallucinogenic properties. TFMPP has never been licensed as a medicine but is a known metabolite of a previously used anti-inflammatory analgesic (antrafenine). Its use was first reported in the late 1990s in Scandinavia and the United States along with BZP, but has since been reported in various other countries (particularly Europe and New Zealand). Many suppliers of TFMPP market the substance as "legal ecstasy" or as a "legal high". Such products typically contain other piperazine derivatives in variable quantities. Very few user reports involving the use of TFMPP alone have been documented. However, the toxic effects reported include: nausea, hallucinations and slight tremors. Hospital admissions have occurred, but all involved other substances (including piperazines). Although TFMPP has been found in drug-related deaths, in the vast majority of instances, other substances of abuse were also present; therefore the role of TFMPP in these deaths is unclear. Animal studies have indicated that TFMPP is unlikely to possess abuse or dependence potential, but there are no human clinical studies to support this.
Recommendation
1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine does not appear to have abuse and dependence potential. On this basis, the Expert Committee decided that a critical review is not warranted at this time.
1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is a piperazine derivative with mild stimulant effects and hallucinogenic properties. TFMPP has never been licensed as a medicine but is a known metabolite of a previously used anti-inflammatory analgesic (antrafenine). Its use was first reported in the late 1990s in Scandinavia and the United States along with BZP, but has since been reported in various other countries (particularly Europe and New Zealand). Many suppliers of TFMPP market the substance as "legal ecstasy" or as a "legal high". Such products typically contain other piperazine derivatives in variable quantities. Very few user reports involving the use of TFMPP alone have been documented. However, the toxic effects reported include: nausea, hallucinations and slight tremors. Hospital admissions have occurred, but all involved other substances (including piperazines). Although TFMPP has been found in drug-related deaths, in the vast majority of instances, other substances of abuse were also present; therefore the role of TFMPP in these deaths is unclear. Animal studies have indicated that TFMPP is unlikely to possess abuse or dependence potential, but there are no human clinical studies to support this.
Recommendation
1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine does not appear to have abuse and dependence potential. On this basis, the Expert Committee decided that a critical review is not warranted at this time.
ECDD Recommendation
No change in scheduling
Link to full TRS
who_trs_973_eng.pdf1.73 MB
MS Questionnaire Report